Thanks for reminding me of paru! I’ve checked and I have it installed already. But I confess that I’m so used to yay that I completely forgot about paru.

Do you have any paru tutorial you recommend?

I’ve been messing with paru to gauge its functionality against yay.

So far I’m unimpressed. The cli display is somewhat tidier/neat. I like that. But when it comes to actually installing something, it’s less than stellar.

For instance, if I want to skip any confirmation, I can use the undocumented flag --noconfirm. But that only works if I’m passing the flag to install, -S. If, say, I’m searching for a package, simply typing paru <package>, then the interactive menu no longer works. It simply exits with the message ‘nothing to do’.

yay, on the other hand, works flawlessly with the --noconfirm flag.

I noticed that paru has some upgrading/updating features that are nice. I might use it once in a while to upgrade/update the system. But that’s pretty much it for now.

ChojinDSL It depends on your use case. In my case I mostly manage bare metal servers running certain services or docker.

For servers I don’t want rolling releases. That just means stuff is going to break on a regular basis. In my opinion, Arch Linux is the worst offender here. I don’t know if it’s gotten better since last I used it. But with Arch Linux the problem was, that you had to keep up with the updates. If you forgot to update some machine in a while, it could happen that you missed some update that changed some critical things, and everything else already moved on, and the only way to fix it was to hunt down the intermediate package version and try to install that manually, or just wipe and reinstall.

As far as “ancient” tools is concerned, it depends on what those tools are. Bugfix and security patches is what I’m most interested in on a server. Just because there is a newer version of software out there with some new features, doesn’t mean that I need those features, or that they’re relevant.

For the cases where I need something newer, there’s docker, flatpak and backports repos, (if not third party repos for certain tools).

All OS configuration (i.e. your installed packages, services, /etc content) happens in NixOS via a single configuration file in /etc/nixos/configuration.nix. When you do nixos-rebuild switch that file gets read and the OS gets rebuild, which in practice means some downloading and changing some symlinks, so it’s reasonably fast, kind of like GNU stow. The partition table isn’t touched here, that has to be setup manually on the first install like on every other distribution. NixOS will also not rollback the file system if you decide to boot into an older version, everything is done by symlinks and environment variables, so you don’t have to worry about your $HOME disappearing or anything like that.

For daily use that means that you basically never edit anything manually in /etc ever again, except for that one NixOS config file. You also can’t since everything will be symlinks into a read-only /nix/store. For permanent package installation you also need to edit the file and rebuild, you can’t do imperative stuff like apt install .... However with NixOS you don’t need to permanently install anything if you just want to try it, you can just do nix run nixpkgs#emacs or nix shell ...and it will run it without installing it (everything goes to the /nix/store/ cache and is garbage collected when no longer needed).

This can become a problem when you are dealing with third party packages that come as self extracting installer files that want to install themselves in /usr or depend on programs being available as /usr/bin/python or whatever, since on NixOS that whole hierachy is empty ( except for /usr/bin/env and /bin/sh). NixOS has buildFHSUserEnv to work around that and provide apps with a normal looking Linux filesystem, but that requires a bit more effort than the usual curl http://.../install.sh | sh hack.

By default $HOME isn’t touched at all and will behave largely like on any other distribution. You can however install packages as user via nix profile install (which behave much the same as apt would, but is local to your $HOME). The other popular alternative is home-manager, this provides basically the same what /etc/nixos/configuration.nix does, but for your $HOME, so you can start systemd services, generate your bash profile with it or install apps locally in your $HOME. Home-manager has to be enabled manually and is probably best ignored until you are familiar with the rest of the system. Home-manager is also less all-or-nothing than NixOS itself, so you can freely chose which dotfiles you want to manage manually and which you want to generate via home-manager.

As for nitpicks when it comes to daily use: Due to everything in NixOS being fully reproducible, NixOS makes little to no use of binary compatibility, meaning if libfoo changes, everything that depends on it has to change too. This requires a bit more downloading than other distributions. After an upgrade, NixOS will also keep two copies of everything around until you garbage collect them. This allows you to just go back to an older version via the boot manager. But it also means that you might need two or three times as much storage as on other distributions, at least until you garbage collect. But generally that’s a worthy trade-off unless you are on an extremely resource constrained system (anything >=32GB storage should be fine).

Finally, if in doubt, install the Nix package manager on whatever distribution you are using right now. You don’t have to go the full NixOS at once, you can install Nix packages on any Linux distribution and play around with it, similar to flatpak.